Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Foreign-capital Enterprises

文章摘要 《外资企业法》于1986年制定、2000年修正,规范外国投资者以独立资本在华设立企业的基本制度。该法明确外资企业定义与法人地位,规定设立须经审批机关批准并办理工商登记,鼓励出口型与先进技术型企业,保护外国投资者的投资、利润等合法权益,原则上不实行国有化与征收,并对用工、财务、税收、外汇、经营期限及终止清算等作出规范。该法已随外商投资法施行而废止,其规则对外资准入与保护制度研究仍有参考价值。

(Adopted at the Fourth Session of the Sixth National People's Congress on April 12, 1986
 Amended according to the Decision on Revision of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Foreign-Capital Enterprises adopted at the 18th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress on October 31, 2000)


 Article 1 With a view to expanding economic cooperation and technological exchange with foreign countries and promoting the development of China's national economy, the People's Republic of China permits foreign enterprises, other foreign economic organizations and individuals (hereinafter collectively referred to as "foreign investors") to set up enterprises with foreign capital in China and protects the lawful rights and interests of such enterprises.


 Article 2 As mentioned in this Law, "enterprises with foreign capital" refers to those enterprises established in China by foreign investors, exclusively with their own capital, in accordance with relevant Chinese laws. The term does not include branches set up in China by foreign enterprises and other foreign economic organizations.


 Article 3 Enterprises with foreign capital shall be established in such a manner as to help the development of China's national economy. The State may encourage the establishment of foreign-capital enterprises that are export-oriented or technologically advanced.


Regulations shall be formulated by the State Council regarding the lines of business which the State forbids enterprises with foreign capital to engage in or on which it places certain restrictions.


 Article 4 The investments of a foreign investor in China, the profits it earns and its other lawful rights and interests are protected by Chinese law.


Enterprises with foreign capital shall abide by Chinese laws and regulations and may not engage in any activities detrimental to China's public interests.


 Article 5 The State does not nationalize or requisition any enterprise with foreign capital. However, under special circumstances when public interests require, enterprises with foreign capital may be requisitioned through legal procedures and appropriate compensation shall be made.


 Article 6 The application to establish an enterprise with foreign capital shall be submitted for examination and approval to the department under the State Council which is in charge of foreign economic relations and trade, or to an institution authorized by the State Council. The authorities in charge of examination and approval shall, within 90 days from the date they receives such application, decide whether or not to grant approval.


 Article 7 When the application for the establishment of an enterprise with foreign capital is approved, the foreign investor shall, within 30 days from the date of receiving the certificate of approval, apply to the administrative department for industry and commerce for registration in order to obtain a business licence. The date of issue of the business licence of foreign-capital enterprise shall be the date of its establishment,


 Article 8 An enterprise with foreign capital which meets the conditions for being considered a legal person under Chinese law shall acquire the status of a Chinese legal person in accordance with law.


 Article 9 An enterprise with foreign capital shall make investments in China within the period approved by the authorities in charge of examination and approval. If it fails to do so, the administrative departments for industry and commerce shall have the power to cancel its business licence.


The administrative department for industry and commerce shall inspect and supervise the investment situation of an enterprise with foreign capital.


 Article 10 In the event of separation, merger or other major change, an enterprise with foreign capital shall report the matter to and seek approval from the authorities in charge of examination and approval, and register the change with the administrative department for industry and commerce.


 Article 11 Enterprises with foreign capital shall conduct their operation and management in accordance with the approved articles of association and shall be free from any interference.


 Article 12 When employing Chinese workers and staff, an enterprise with foreign capital shall conclude contracts with them according to law, in which matters concerning employment, dismissal, remuneration, welfare benefits, occupational protection and labour insurance shall be clearly prescribed.


 Article 13 Workers and staff of enterprises with foreign capital may organize trade unions in accordance with law, in order to conduct trade union activities and protect their lawful rights and interests.


The said enterprises shall provide the necessary conditions for the activities of the trade unions in their respective enterprises.


 Article 14 An enterprise with foreign capital shall set up account books in China, conduct independent accounting, submit the fiscal reports and statements as required and accept supervision by the financial and tax authorities.


If an enterprise with foreign capital refuses to maintain account books in China, the financial and tax authorities may impose a fine on it, and the administrative department for industry and commerce may order it to suspend operation or may revoke its business licence.


 Article 15 A foreign-capital enterprise may, in adherence to the principles of fairness and rationality, purchase on both the Chinese and the world market the raw and semi-processed materials, fuels and other materials it needs within the approved scope of operation.


 Article 16 Enterprises with foreign capital shall apply to insurance companies in China for such kinds of insurance coverage as are needed.


 Article 17 Enterprises with foreign capital shall pay taxes in accordance with relevant State regulations for tax payment, and may enjoy preferential treatment for reduction of or exemption from taxes.


An enterprise with foreign capital that reinvests its profits in China after paying the income tax may, in accordance with relevant State regulations, apply for refund of a part of the income tax already paid on the reinvested amount.


 Article 18 An enterprise with foreign capital shall handle its foreign exchange transactions in accordance with the State regulations on foreign exchange control.


An enterprise with foreign capital shall open an account with the Bank of China or with a bank designated by the State authority exercising foreign exchange control.


 Article 19 The foreign investor may remit abroad the profits that are lawfully earned from an enterprise with its investment, as well as other lawful earnings and any funds remaining after the enterprise is liquidated.


Wages, salaries and other legitimate income earned by foreign employees in an enterprise with foreign capital may be remitted abroad after the payment of individual income tax in accordance with law.


 Article 20 With respect to the period of operation of an enterprise with foreign capital, the foreign investor shall report to and secure approval from the authorities in charge of examination and approval. For an extension of the period of operation, an application shall be submitted to the said authorities 180 days before the expiration of the period. The authorities in charge of examination and approval shall, within 30 days from the date of receiving such application, decide whether or not to grant the extension.


 Article 21 When terminating its operation, an enterprise with foreign capital shall promptly issue a public notice and proceed with liquidation in accordance with legal procedure.


Pending the completion of liquidation, a foreign investor may not dispose of the assets of the enterprise except for the purpose of liquidation.


 Article 22 At the termination of operation, the enterprise with foreign capital shall cancel its registration with the administrative department for industry and commerce and hand in its business licence for cancellation.


 Article 23 The department under the State Council which is in charge of foreign economic relations and trade shall, in accordance with this Law, formulate rules for its implementation, which shall go into effect after being submitted to and approved by the State Council.


 Article 24 This Law shall go into effect as of the date of its promulgation.

最后编辑于:2018-09-01 11:08

杨春宝一级律师简介

杨春宝一级律师,大成上海高级合伙人、资本市场部主任、国资基金研究中心主任,大成中国区私募基金专业带头人、科技与文化法律研究中心联合牵头人。执业30余年,长期从事私募基金、投融资、并购重组法律服务,尤其对对赌研究颇深且具有非常丰富的实战经验,并专注于金融机构股权投资业务。2004年起多次入选The Legal 500"私募基金"和"公司与商业"等境内外各类律师榜单,代理的中国法院首例适用外国法律审理外国公司的董事损害小股东权益纠纷案入选上海高院发布的《上海法院域外法查明典型案例》和威科先行"要案头条"。入选上海涉外法律人才库、上海市司法局鼎新法治人才库、上海国有企业改制法律顾问团,具有上市公司独立董事任职资格,系多家知名高校的兼职教授或兼职研究生导师及上海市商务委跨国经营人才培训班讲师。出版《私募股权投资基金风险防控操作实务》等16本投融资法律专著。了解更多

常见法律问题

什么是外资企业?外国公司在华设立的分支机构属于外资企业吗?

依据该法规定,外资企业是指外国投资者(包括外国企业、其他外国经济组织和个人)依照中国有关法律,在中国境内设立的全部资本由外国投资者投资的企业。其核心特征有二:一是资本来源的完全外资属性,企业全部资本均来自外国投资者;二是依照中国法律在中国境内设立,属于中国境内经营的市场主体。需要注意的是,外国企业和其他外国经济组织在中国境内设立的分支机构并不属于该法所称的外资企业,分支机构通常不具有独立法人资格,其民事责任由设立该分支机构的外国企业承担。符合中国法律关于法人条件规定的外资企业,可依法取得中国法人资格,独立承担民事责任。实务中区分外资企业与外国企业分支机构,直接影响企业税收待遇、责任承担方式和监管规则的适用。2020年外商投资法施行后,外资企业法已废止,外商投资企业的组织形式统一适用公司法、合伙企业法等法律,但外资企业与分支机构的区分逻辑在现行制度下仍具参考意义。

设立外资企业需要履行哪些审批和登记程序?

依据该法确立的设立程序,外国投资者设立外资企业,应向国务院对外经济贸易主管部门或国务院授权的机关提出申请,由审批机关在收到申请之日起九十日内决定批准与否。申请获得批准后,外国投资者应在收到批准证书之日起三十日内向工商行政管理部门申请登记,领取营业执照,营业执照签发日期即为外资企业的成立日期。外资企业应在审批机关核准的期限内在中国境内投资,逾期不投资的,工商行政管理部门有权吊销营业执照,并有权对出资情况进行检查监督。企业发生分立、合并或其他重大事项变更时,应报审批机关批准,并向工商部门办理变更登记。需要特别提示的是,随着外商投资管理制度改革,现行法律已将逐案审批制改为外商投资信息报告制度和负面清单管理模式,负面清单之外的领域实行内外资一致管理,外国投资者原则上无需再逐案申请设立审批,但涉及负面清单限制领域的仍须依法办理准入手续,未履行信息报告义务或违反准入规定的,将面临警告、罚款乃至投资被处置的法律风险。

外国投资者的投资和利润受哪些法律保护?能否汇出境外?

该法对外国投资者的权益保护作出明确安排:外国投资者在中国境内的投资、获得的利润及其他合法权益受中国法律保护;国家对外资企业不实行国有化和征收,在特殊情况下根据社会公共利益需要依法定程序征收时,应给予相应补偿。外国投资者依法可以将从企业获得的合法利润、其他合法收入以及企业清算后的资金汇出国外;外籍职工的工资收入和其他正当收入,依法缴纳个人所得税后也可以汇出境外。外资企业依法纳税后可享受减税、免税等优惠待遇,将缴纳所得税后的利润再投资于中国境内的,还可依照规定申请退还再投资部分已缴纳的部分所得税。实务中需注意,利润汇出应通过依法开立的外汇账户办理,须提交利润分配决议、完税凭证等真实材料,银行将进行真实性审核,虚构交易背景或以非法途径转移资金可能构成逃汇等违规行为。现行外商投资法进一步强化保护,明确征收应依法定程序并给予公平合理的补偿,禁止利用行政手段强制转让技术,并建立外商投资企业投诉工作机制,投资者权益受损时可依法寻求救济。

以上内容仅供参考,不构成法律意见。如需专业法律服务,请联系杨春宝一级律师:chambers.yang@dentons.cn

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