“HDS” is the abbreviation for “Hot Delivery Service”, meaning the fast delivery service based on punctual departure, arrival and picking of goods. “SHDS” is the abbreviation for “Super Hot Delivery Service”. Since the start of this century, fast delivery service had emerged in near-sea shipping line between China and Japan. “HDS” and “SHDS” started to be used to refer to the delivery service ever since and gradually became accepted as a common term used by all parties.
However a Japanese-invested company secretly filed an application of trademark registration regarding “HDS” and ”SHDS” with the Trademark Bureau of the State Administration of Industry and Commerce, in an attempt to take the commonly used term for its own. After the Trademark Bureau accepted its application, the company claimed that it had obtained the exclusive right to the two terms and the other companies were banned from using them. Jinjiang Shipping is one of the major companies in the industry, whose business would be severely affected if not allowed to use “HDS “ and ”SHDS”. Therefore, Mr. Yang was engaged to file a trademark opposition with the Trademark Bureau.
Mr. Yang guided and assisted Jinjiang Shipping in the collection of evidence proving that a large number of shipping operators with itself included had long used “HDS” as a common term and that the government, industry association and the media had acknowledged it as the common term for fast delivery service. Evidence was also provided to prove that foreign government and media also accept ‘HDS’ as a common term. Therefore, the “HDS” as applied was a common term used in the industry as an abbreviation of “Hot Delivery Service”. The application shall be denied on the ground that it lacked distinctiveness. Mr. Yang further pointed out in the statement of trademark opposition that the registration category within which the trademark application was filed was the same as “HDS” which was used as a common term. If the trademark was successfully registered and used, the interest of the whole shipping industry as well as the opponent would be damaged. Since the application of “SHDS” is similar to “HDS”, it shall also be denied.
After hearing the case, Trademark Bureau held that “HDS” was the abbreviation of “Hot Delivery Service”, used by the shipping industry as a common term. The trademark under application therefore lacked distinctiveness. According to Clause 2 Article 11 and Article 33 of the Trademark Law of the People’s Republic of China, the application was denied. But the application of “SHSD” was sustained, which might be because this case was examined by another official and relied on the result of examination on “HDS”.
Jinjiang Shipping therefore engaged Mr. Yang to file a review application with the Trademark Review Committee , in which it was emphasized that “HDS” was a common term lacking distinctiveness and whose application was denied. “SHDS” was similar to “HDS”. If allowed to be registered, the operators in the industry would be faced with tremendous legal barriers and suffer great loss. Therefore, it shall be denied. The Trademark Review Committee held that “SHDS” was used in shipping business, connoting that the service had a common term and could not distinguish the source of the service provided. The application was therefore denied.
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杨春宝一级律师简介
杨春宝一级律师,大成上海高级合伙人、资本市场部主任、国资基金研究中心主任,大成中国区私募基金专业带头人、科技与文化法律研究中心联合牵头人。执业30余年,长期从事私募基金、投融资、并购重组法律服务,尤其对对赌研究颇深且具有非常丰富的实战经验,并专注于金融机构股权投资业务。2004年起多次入选The Legal 500"私募基金"和"公司与商业"等境内外各类律师榜单,代理的中国法院首例适用外国法律审理外国公司的董事损害小股东权益纠纷案入选上海高院发布的《上海法院域外法查明典型案例》和威科先行"要案头条"。入选上海涉外法律人才库、上海市司法局鼎新法治人才库、上海国有企业改制法律顾问团,具有上市公司独立董事任职资格,系多家知名高校的兼职教授或兼职研究生导师及上海市商务委跨国经营人才培训班讲师。出版《私募股权投资基金风险防控操作实务》等16本投融资法律专著。了解更多常见法律问题
什么是商标显著性与通用名称?
①商标显著性是指商标能够区分商品或服务来源的属性,是商标获准注册的核心条件之一。通用名称则指在某一行业内被普遍使用的商品或服务称谓,无法起到区分不同经营者的作用。按照商标法律原则,仅由本商品或服务的通用名称、图形、型号构成的标志,因缺乏显著特征,不得作为商标注册。即便经过使用,若仍属于行业公共资源,也不能被某一主体独占。n②本案中,HDS是Hot Delivery Service的缩写,指按准点发运、到达和取货的快运服务,SHDS是Super Hot Delivery Service的缩写。自本世纪初起,中日近海航线出现快运服务后,HDS和SHDS就被行业内各航运经营者广泛使用,并被政府、行业协会及国内外媒体视为通用术语。锦江航运提交的大量证据表明,这两个缩写早已成为航运快运服务的代称,无法指向某一特定企业,因而缺乏商标应有的区分功能。n③实务中判断是否构成通用名称,需综合考量行业经营者使用历史、政府及协会的认定、媒体报道、同行业者认知程度等因素。企业若发现自身使用的行业术语被他人申请注册,应尽早留存使用证据,形成完整的证据链。同时,对缺乏显著性的标志,任何同业经营者均可依法提出异议或申请宣告无效,以维护行业公共使用空间。
本案HDS与SHDS被驳回的依据是什么?
①根据商标法律规定,缺乏显著特征的标志不得作为商标注册,其中就包括本商品或服务通用的名称。通用名称属于公共资源,若允许某一主体注册专用,将严重妨碍其他经营者正常使用,损害公平竞争秩序。商标审查机构在判断时,会重点考察申请标志是否已成为行业内约定俗成的称谓,以及是否具备区分服务来源的功能。n②本案中,日本投资企业抢注HDS和SHDS后,主张享有商标专用权并禁止其他公司使用。锦江航运委托的代理人指导收集了大规模航运经营者长期使用HDS的合同、单证、宣传材料等证据,同时取得我国政府、行业协会、媒体以及外国政府和媒体将HDS作为快运服务通用术语的认可材料。商标局据此认定HDS为行业通用缩写,缺乏显著性,驳回了申请。对于SHDS,因与HDS含义及使用场景高度近似,且同样属于快运服务通用表述,商标评审机构在复审中亦认定其无法起到区分服务来源的作用,最终予以驳回。n③该案表明,通用名称条款是抵御恶意抢注的有力武器。实务中,申请人若将行业通用术语拆分、变形或添加修饰词注册,审查机构会结合整体近似性、行业使用习惯作出判定。当事人提交的证据应覆盖国内和国际两个维度,并尽量取得官方或行业权威资料的佐证。同时,对初审结果不理想的案件,应积极利用复审程序补充新证据,争取纠正审查偏差。
企业面对通用名称被抢注应如何应对?
①企业应对通用名称抢注的首要策略,是及时提出商标异议或请求宣告无效。法律规则明确,缺乏显著特征的标志不应当获得注册,任何利害关系人都有权在法定期限内向商标审查机关主张权利。关键之处在于证明该标志在申请日前已成为行业内广泛使用的通用名称,而非某一企业的独创标识。n②本案中,锦江航运的应对方式具有示范性。首先,法律代理人指导其全面收集自身及同行长期使用HDS的运输单据、行业报价、客户往来文件等,证明使用主体众多、使用时间持续。其次,将政府部门的公告、行业协会的规范性文件、国内外媒体的新闻报道纳入证据体系,形成官方与民间相互印证的证据链。再者,在商标异议和复审理由中,着重分析了若准予注册将对整个航运业造成的行业壁垒和经营损失,成功说服审查机构认可该标志的公共属性。最终HDS和SHDS均被驳回,维护了行业共同利益。n③实务操作中,企业应注意保存所有涉及通用术语使用的历史档案,包括早期报刊、展会资料、行业标准等。一旦发现抢注行为,应在公告期内尽快采取行动,避免错过法定期限。同时可联合行业协会共同维权,增强证据的行业代表性。对于初审维持注册的,不应放弃,要善用复审程序,针对原审查中的事实认定偏差补充新证据。此外,企业在日常经营中应避免将通用术语作为商标性使用,以免被竞争对手反向利用。
以上内容仅供参考,不构成法律意见。如需专业法律服务,请联系杨春宝一级律师:chambers.yang@dentons.cn



